@inproceedings{oai:kokubunken.repo.nii.ac.jp:00002046,
 author = {Kim, Le Chun and KIM, Le Chun},
 book = {国際日本文学研究集会会議録, PROCEEDINGS OF INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON JAPANESE LITERATURE},
 issue = {5},
 month = {Mar},
 note = {pdf, Scholars of Japanese literature have well compared the similarities of Utsumi Bunzō and the characters of Ivan Turgenev, the outsiders of Russian literature. In Nihon bungakushi jiten [Dictionary of the history of Japanese literature] Bunzō is termed the first outsider in Japanese modern literature.
However, I am opposed to simply characterizing Bunzō as similar to the outsiders found in Russian literature. Is Bunzō really endowed with the representative character of the outsider?
And, furthermore, did Futabatei Shimei try to present the problem of a Japanese outsider in Ukigumo? In order to answer this question it is first necessary to elucidate Futabatei's thinking about outsiders. Russian critics regard the outsider as in essence a psychological and social type born out of conditions under the autocratic system of serfdom. In contrast, Futabatei thought of outsiders as being born out of the instability of Russian culture after the reforms of Peter the Great. However, the important thing is that the situation in Japan at that time was not as yet such for the formation of the artistic type of the outsider. It is too early to talk about outsiders in the Japan of just after the Meiji Restoration. The main theme of this work is nothing more than the portrayal of the suffering of an ingenuous youth who goes to the big city during the period of the birth of capitalism and is ruined. In Bunzō's question, “What should I do now？”， is contained the beginning of the spiritual quest in modern Japanese literature.},
 pages = {75--85},
 publisher = {国文学研究資料館},
 title = {研究発表 『浮雲』の主人公文三は余計者であろうか},
 year = {1982},
 yomi = {キム, リー チョン}
}